Description: Pregnancy that extends beyond 42 weeks of gestation, which may increase risks for both mother and baby.

Treatment Options:

• Monitoring: Regular fetal monitoring (NST, ultrasound) to assess baby’s wellbeing.
• Induction of Labour: Medications or procedures to stimulate contractions and initiate delivery.
• Amniotomy: Artificial rupture of membranes to support labour progression.
• Cesarean Section: Recommended if induction fails or complications arise.

Description: Uterine lining grows into the muscle wall of the uterus, causing pain and heavy periods.

Treatment Options:

• Medication: Pain relief (NSAIDs), hormonal therapy (birth control pills, progesterone-releasing IUD).
• Minimally invasive procedures: Uterine artery embolization or endometrial ablation.
• Hysterectomy: Definitive treatment for severe symptoms.

Description: The puerperium is the 6-week period after childbirth when the mother’s body recovers. It may be normal or involve complications such as infections, excessive bleeding, or delayed recovery.

Treatment Options:

• Postnatal Care: Routine monitoring of physical recovery, uterine involution, and emotional wellbeing.
• Medications: Antibiotics for infections, pain relief, and iron supplements if needed.
• Management of Complications: Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage, infections, or lactation issues.
• Counselling & Support: Guidance on breastfeeding, nutrition, hygiene, and mental health.

Description: Fluid-filled sacs on the ovary; usually benign.

Treatment Options:

• Observation: Many cysts resolve on their own.
• Medication: Hormonal contraceptives to prevent recurrence.
• Surgery: Laparoscopic cystectomy (removal of cyst) or oophorectomy (removal of ovary) if large, symptomatic, or suspicious.

Description: Pregnancy with increased risk due to conditions like hypertension, diabetes, or multiple pregnancies.

Treatment Options:

• Frequent Monitoring: Regular check-ups, blood tests, and ultrasounds.
• Medical Management: Control of underlying conditions with medications and lifestyle adjustments.
• Specialised Care: Close supervision by experienced obstetricians.
• Planned Delivery: Timely induction or cesarean section if required.

Description: Uterus descends into the vaginal canal due to weakened pelvic muscles.

Treatment Options:

• Non-surgical: Pelvic floor exercises, pessary (a device to support the uterus).
• Surgical: Vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair.

Description: Blocked fallopian tubes can cause infertility.

Treatment Options:

• Surgical: Tuboplasty (repair of fallopian tube), salpingectomy (removal if damaged).
• Assisted reproductive technology: IVF is often used if surgery is not successful or not feasible.

Description: Endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus causing pain and infertility.

Treatment Options:

• Medication: Painkillers, hormonal therapy (GnRH agonists, contraceptives).
• Surgery: Laparoscopic excision of endometrial lesions.
• Assisted reproduction: IVF if infertility is present.

Description: Can be benign (fibroids, cysts) or malignant (cancer).

Treatment Options:

• Benign: Surgical removal (myomectomy, cystectomy).
• Malignant: Hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy as per stage.

Description: Removal of the uterus through laparoscopic or robotic surgery with smaller incisions.

Treatment Options:

• Laparoscopic hysterectomy: For benign conditions, faster recovery.
• Robotic-assisted hysterectomy: Enhanced precision for complex cases.

Description: Prenatal care, high-risk pregnancy management, and postpartum follow-up.

Treatment Options:

• Monitoring: Ultrasounds, blood tests, and counseling.
• Intervention: Medications or procedures depending on complications (e.g., gestational diabetes, preeclampsia).